Turabian citation generator
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How to cite in Turabian
Turabian style comes from Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. It is a version of Chicago style written for students, and it is common in history, theology and the humanities. This page starts with notes and bibliography, and you can switch to author-date in the style menu.
Journal article
LeCun, Yann, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton. “Deep Learning.” Nature 521, no. 7553 (May 2015): 436–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539.
Book
Cormen, Thomas H., Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2009.
Website
Coltrera, Francesca. “5 Timeless Habits for Better Health.” Harvard Health, September 24, 2025. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/5-timeless-habits-for-better-health-202509243106.
Footnotes
In notes and bibliography, cite each source in a numbered footnote. The first note gives full details, and later notes use a shortened form. List every source in an alphabetical Bibliography.
First footnote: Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Geoffrey Hinton, “Deep Learning,” Nature 521, no. 7553 (May 2015): 437, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539.
Frequently asked questions
Is Turabian the same as Chicago?
The citation rules are almost the same. Turabian adds practical advice for students on research, drafting and formatting papers, theses and dissertations.
Which Turabian system should I use?
Use the one your instructor asks for. Humanities papers usually use notes and bibliography. Science and social science papers usually use author-date.
Do Turabian footnotes need page numbers?
Yes, when you quote or refer to a specific passage. Put the page number at the end of the note.
How do I format a Turabian bibliography?
List sources alphabetically by the author’s last name, single-spaced within each entry with a blank line between entries, and use a hanging indent.